Definition of intelligence:

A collection of smart behaviour or hypothetical mental processes are so-called intelligence.

Intelligence means capabilities of the individual to think rationally, and deal effectively with the environment in purposeful action.

 In general it can be said that intelligence means:

1 - abstract thinking.

2 - Learning from experience.

3 - to solve problems through insight.

4 - adapting to new situations.

5 - Focus and continuation of abilities to operate in order to achieve a desired goal.

So in a way: Intelligence assessment is nothing but learning aptitude assessment.

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Innovation or creativity is of human characteristics that not only needs intelligence of above average, but also is in needs of strong motivation.

Having above average intelligence for creative work is necessary, but not sufficient.

For creativity besides IQ of at least 120, motivation and special talents are necessary. (Egan, 1985).

According to psychologists, intelligence is a convergent skill, which is directed for obtaining a solution or a unique response.

But creativity is a divergent skill, which requires different, non-traditional and innovative responses.

Creativity requires that when one engages in divergent thinking, and for solving a problem, to free the mind from any common ways or solution, but tries to achieve different solutions and new answers.

 

Cattell’s theory of intelligence:

 

Piaget's theory about the process of cognitive development and intelligence:

 

Thurston's theory of intelligence:

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Man think, think proceeds into actions, actions form man’s nature and habits, with nature and habits, character and personality is made, and it is the character and personality which consolidate our destiny. (A N 1999)

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